Background Shock is a state of cellular and tissue hypoxia caused by reduced oxygen delivery or increased oxygen consumption. We tend to use the patients systolic blood pressure (SBP) as our main diagnostic test for shock as it is readily available and simple to assess. Therefore, patients with a SBP of 90 mmHg or less are considered to be in shock until proven otherwise. Caution should be noted for special populations such as pediatrics, geriatrics or hypertensive patients who have …
Recognizing and Managing Liver Failure in the ED
Donna is a 48-year-old female brought by EMS to your community ED after her roommates noticed her behaving erratically at home. They report she has been vomiting and become increasingly confused over the past 24 hours, now complaining of right upper quadrant discomfort. She was recently discharged from the hospital a week ago following an uncomplicated ankle ORIF. Donna’s roommates tell you she is otherwise healthy, but does consume two to three glasses …
Money Heist Crush Injuries
Patient Presentation Helsinki, or Mirko Dragic, is a Serbian mercenary who is a member of the highly specialized team assembled by The Professor for the complex Bank of Spain heist. Before the heist could be completed, an elite military unit was sent in to put an end to the elaborate operation. The unit detonates explosives on the roof to enter the bank. Helsinki is thrown to the ground by the force of the …
Is IO (intraosseous) cannulation an underutilized method of emergency vascular access?
A 40-year-old gentleman is brought into your Emergency Department by EMS in Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) arrest. With CPR in progress, monitors being placed, and epineprine being prepared, both nurses on either side of the patient report they couldn’t get IV access. A third nurse tries. Then a fourth. What should be done next? What is IO access, and when should it be used? Obtaining vascular access to deliver fluids, medications, and blood …
Renal Trauma in Professional Boxing: A Case Study of Adonis Johnson Creed
Presentation: In their first bout for the World Heavyweight Boxing Championship, Adonis Creed, the reigning champion, and son of the late Apollo Creed, faces Viktor Drago. Ivan, the father of Viktor Drago, holds a notorious legacy as the man behind Apollo Creed’s fatal defeat in the ring years ago. Adonis, at the peak of his career, grapples with a whirlwind of emotions. He is not only seeking to avenge his father’s death but …
Common ED Presentations: Clerk Flashcards
Are you a medical student ready to excel in your first ever emergency medicine shift and impress your mentors in the ED? We introduce to you a set of flashcards with common differential diagnoses so you can confidently tackle common ED presentations! This post was reviewed by Daniel Ting and copy-edited by @aafia-maqsood