Tiny Tips – Approach to Diabetic Ketoacidosis

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Don’t Know Anything about Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)? In Canada, 5 000 – 10 000 patients are admitted to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) each year.1 Most of these patients will initially present to the Emergency Department.  The initial assessment and management of these patients in the ED is crucial, as 50% of DKA deaths occur in the first 48-72hrs.2  Managing DKA can be overwhelming for learners; interpreting blood gases, thinking about electrolyte and fluid …

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Tiny Tips: SALTR for Pediatric Growth-plate Fractures

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Up to one half of all children’s visits to the ED are orthopedic in nature [1]. Of these visits, approximately 35% are fractures that involve the growth plate, or physis, of a developing bone [2]. ED physicians must be familiar with the Salter-Harris classification system, which is the most commonly used system [3] for describing growth plate fractures. An easy mnemonic to remember the fracture type and description is SALTR:   References Thornton …